The AI miracle of my interview with the Hawthornes

As a PhD student studying the visits of nineteenth century Americans to Britain, it would be great to be able to interview them about their experiences. 

Thanks to ChatGPT, and a plugin called Timeport, that is almost possible. Below is my 'interview' with Nathaniel and Sophia Hawthorne, followed by a note about what the AI got right, and where it went wrong. 

The prompt I gave was simply: "I'd like to ask questions to Nathaniel and Sophia Hawthorne about their travels in Britain." 

Here's the conversation that followed, with my contributions in italics:

Nathaniel Hawthorne

As you take in your surroundings, a well-dressed gentleman approaches you. He has a sharp, intelligent gaze and a thoughtful demeanor. "Ah, a traveler from afar! My name is Nathaniel Hawthorne, and this is my wife, Sophia. We're here in Britain exploring its wonders. Might you be interested in hearing about our travels?"

Thank you. I know you are living in Liverpool, for Mr Hawthorne's job as American Consul there. How do you find London, compared to Liverpool, and to Boston, your nearest big city in the States?

Nathaniel Hawthorne nods thoughtfully, adjusting his glasses. "Ah, London. It's a city of immense grandeur and history. The architecture, the culture, the sheer magnitude of it all is quite overwhelming. Liverpool, where I serve as the American Consul, is bustling in its own right, especially with its significance as a port city. But London... it's on another scale entirely."

Sophia Hawthorne

Sophia Hawthorne, with a gentle smile, adds, "London is indeed a marvel. The theaters, the museums, the parks! It's a city that never ceases to amaze. But I must admit, I do miss the familiarity and charm of Boston. There's a certain warmth and community feel in Boston that's hard to replicate. London can sometimes feel a bit overwhelming with its vastness."

Nathaniel continues, "Each city has its own charm. Boston, with its rich history of the American Revolution and its intellectual circles. Liverpool, with its maritime significance and its own unique culture. And London, the heart of an empire, with its endless wonders. Each place offers a different perspective, and I'm grateful for the opportunity to experience them all."

Liverpool docks

Have you had a chance to see the British countryside - and how does that compare with rural America?

Sophia's eyes light up at the mention of the countryside. "Oh, the British countryside is simply enchanting! We've had the pleasure of traveling to the Lake District, and the beauty of the rolling hills, serene lakes, and quaint villages is something to behold. The poetry of Wordsworth truly comes alive when you witness the landscapes he wrote about."

Nathaniel nods in agreement. "Indeed, the British countryside has a certain old-world charm to it. The stone cottages, the ancient castles, and the vast green meadows are a sight to behold. It's a stark contrast to the rugged beauty of rural America. The vast forests, mountains, and expansive landscapes of our homeland have a wildness to them, a sense of untamed nature."

Sophia adds, "Both countrysides have their own unique beauty. In America, there's a sense of vastness, of endless possibilities. The frontier spirit is still very much alive in the rural parts. Here in Britain, there's a deep sense of history and tradition. Every stone, every path seems to have a story to tell."

Nathaniel concludes, "While the landscapes may differ, the love for nature and the solace it provides is universal. Whether it's the serene lakes of the Lake District or the majestic mountains of New England, there's a certain peace and tranquility that one finds in the embrace of nature."

I know you enjoy the poetry and novels of Sir Walter Scott. How did you enjoy your visit to Scotland, and to Scott's own house, Abbotsford?

Nathaniel's face lights up with enthusiasm. "Ah, Sir Walter Scott! His works have been a source of inspiration and admiration for me. Visiting Scotland was akin to stepping into the pages of his novels. The rugged highlands, the mysterious lochs, and the ancient castles – it's a land steeped in legend and history."

Sophia chimes in, "The Scottish people were incredibly warm and welcoming. Their rich traditions, music, and dance added so much depth to our experience. And the landscapes! The mist-covered mountains and the serene valleys were truly breathtaking."

Nathaniel continues, "Our visit to Abbotsford was a highlight of our trip. To walk through the halls where Scott penned his masterpieces, to see his personal belongings and the very desk where he wrote – it was a surreal experience. The house itself is a testament to his love for Scotland, with its intricate designs and artifacts. It felt as if Sir Walter Scott's spirit still lingered in those rooms."

Sophia adds with a fond smile, "The gardens of Abbotsford were particularly enchanting. The beautiful flowers, the serene river, and the overall tranquility of the place made it a haven for reflection. It was easy to see how such a place could inspire the great works of Sir Walter Scott."

Nathaniel concludes, "Scotland, with its rich history, breathtaking landscapes, and the legacy of Sir Walter Scott, left an indelible mark on our hearts. It's a land we'll always cherish and remember fondly."

How have your children adapted to living in Britain? And have they been with you on your travels from Liverpool?

Sophia's expression softens as she thinks of their children. "Our children have been quite resilient throughout this journey. At first, the move was a bit of a culture shock for them, especially given the differences in customs and the overall pace of life. But they've adapted remarkably well. The British schooling system has been rigorous, but they've embraced the challenge and have made friends."

Nathaniel adds, "Una and Julian have been particularly curious about everything around them. They've been our little explorers, always eager to learn and discover. We've tried to include them in our travels as much as possible. It's important for them to experience different cultures and landscapes, and Britain has so much to offer in that regard."

Sophia continues, "They've accompanied us on several of our trips. The Lake District was a particular favorite for them. The open spaces, the opportunity to run around and play in nature, it was a delightful experience for them. And our visit to Scotland was educational as well as entertaining. They were quite taken with the tales of knights, castles, and legends."

Nathaniel chuckles, "Julian, in particular, was fascinated by the tales of the Loch Ness Monster. He's quite the storyteller himself and has been regaling his friends with tales of our adventures."

Sophia concludes with a smile, "While they do miss their friends and life back in the States, this experience has been enriching for them. They've grown in so many ways, and we're proud of how they've embraced this chapter of our lives."

Like all educated Americans visiting Britain, you arrived well-versed in British history and literature. But what have you found surprising about the country? I'm wondering whether you expected some of the more modern aspects of life?

Nathaniel nods thoughtfully. "You're right. We came to Britain with a foundation of knowledge about its history and literature. The tales of Shakespeare, the chronicles of its kings and queens, the poetry of the Romantics – they painted a vivid picture of this land. But living here, experiencing it firsthand, has been an eye-opener in many ways."

Sophia interjects, "One of the most surprising aspects has been the rapid pace of industrialization. The smoke-filled skies of Manchester, the bustling docks of Liverpool, the clatter of the trains – it's a stark contrast to the pastoral landscapes and ancient castles we had envisioned."

Nathaniel continues, "Indeed, the Industrial Revolution has transformed the face of Britain. The advancements in technology, the rise of factories, the growth of cities – it's a testament to the spirit of innovation and progress. While we were aware of these developments, witnessing them firsthand has been both awe-inspiring and, at times, overwhelming."

Sophia adds, "The social changes have been equally profound. The rise of the middle class, the debates on workers' rights, the push for women's suffrage – it's a nation in flux, grappling with the challenges and opportunities of modernity."

Nathaniel reflects, "On a lighter note, the innovations in entertainment and leisure have been delightful surprises. The popularity of the penny-farthing bicycle, the grand exhibitions showcasing inventions, the rise of photography – they've added a vibrant dimension to our experience here."

Sophia concludes with a smile, "In essence, while we came with preconceived notions of a historic, literary Britain, we've been pleasantly surprised by its modern, dynamic facets. It's a nation that honors its past while eagerly embracing the future, and that duality has been fascinating to witness."

The Great Exhibition

Nathaniel, have you been collecting material for future writing? What publications do you hope to come out of this trip?

Nathaniel strokes his beard thoughtfully. "Ah, the ever-present question for a writer. Yes, this journey has been a treasure trove of experiences and observations. The rich tapestry of British history, culture, and landscapes has provided ample inspiration. My travel journal," he gestures to a leather-bound book similar to the one in your inventory, "is filled with notes, sketches, and musings."

He continues, "Britain, with its ancient legends, historic landmarks, and diverse populace, offers a myriad of stories waiting to be told. While I've been primarily occupied with my duties as the American Consul in Liverpool, I've made it a point to document our travels and encounters."

Sophia interjects with a proud smile, "Nathaniel has been particularly taken with the tales of old, the legends of King Arthur, the ballads of the Scottish Highlands, and the rich literary history of England. I've seen him lost in thought many a time, penning down his reflections."

Nathaniel nods, "Indeed. While it's too early to say what form these writings will take, I do hope to weave them into a narrative that captures the essence of our time here. Whether it be essays, short stories, or perhaps even a novel, I'm eager to share our British sojourn with readers back home."

He concludes, "The experiences, the people we've met, the places we've visited – they've all left a profound impact on me. And as a writer, it's my duty and privilege to translate those experiences into words, to share the magic of this land with others."

Britain in ruins

And Sophia, I believe that you will also make use of your recorded experiences in Britain in a future book

Sophia's eyes sparkle with excitement. "Indeed, I've always been drawn to the art of journaling and documenting our life's journey. Britain, with its rich tapestry of experiences, has provided ample material for reflection and introspection."

She continues, "While Nathaniel delves deep into the legends and history, I've been captivated by the everyday moments, the nuances of British life, the interactions with the people we meet, and the beauty of the landscapes. My journal is filled with sketches, poems, and personal reflections."

Nathaniel interjects with a fond smile, "Sophia has a keen eye for detail and a poetic soul. Her writings capture the essence of a moment, the beauty in the mundane. I've often found myself inspired by her observations."

Sophia blushes slightly at the compliment. "Thank you, dear. I do hope to compile my writings into a book someday. A memoir of sorts, capturing our time in Britain from a personal lens. The joys, the challenges, the moments of wonder – all chronicled for posterity."

She concludes, "Writing, for me, is a way to relive moments, to find meaning in our experiences. And this journey has been filled with moments worth cherishing. I'm eager to share our story, to offer a glimpse into our life in Britain, and to celebrate the beauty of the world around us."

What will you do when Nathaniel's Consular job is over? Are you planning to return to the States, or will you see something of the Continent first?

Nathaniel takes a deep breath, looking contemplative. "The role of the American Consul has been both rewarding and challenging. It's given us the opportunity to immerse ourselves in a different culture and to build bridges between our two nations. However, all good things must come to an end."

Sophia nods in agreement, "We've had discussions about our plans post the Consular role. While we've grown fond of Britain and its people, there's a part of us that yearns for the familiarity of home, for the embrace of our loved ones and the comfort of our homeland."

Nathaniel continues, "That said, Europe is a vast continent with so much to offer. We've considered the possibility of exploring the Continent further before heading back to the States. Places like France, Italy, and Germany have rich histories and cultures that we'd love to experience."

Sophia adds with a twinkle in her eye, "The art, the architecture, the food! Europe is a treasure trove of experiences waiting to be discovered. We've toyed with the idea of a grand tour, much like the ones undertaken by the young men and women of this era."

Nathaniel chuckles, "Ah, to be young and carefree again! But jokes aside, we do hope to see more of Europe. It would be a wonderful way to cap off our overseas adventure."

Sophia concludes, "Ultimately, the pull of home is strong. Our family, our roots, the landscapes of New England – they hold a special place in our hearts. But before we return, we hope to soak in as much of Europe as we can, to gather more memories and experiences to cherish for a lifetime."

Thank you for talking to me. I hope you enjoy the rest of your time here.

Nathaniel offers a warm smile, "It's been a pleasure conversing with you. Your curiosity and insightful questions have made this exchange truly enriching. Thank you for taking the time to engage with us."

Sophia adds with a gracious nod, "Indeed, it's always a joy to connect with fellow travelers and share our experiences. We wish you all the best in your own journeys and explorations. May they be filled with wonder and discovery."

Nathaniel concludes, "Farewell, and may our paths cross again in this vast tapestry of time and history."

British industry

Well that was fun, and intriguing. Here’s what impressed me about the AI’s answers: 

- I liked the summarised characters of the three cities: “Boston, with its rich history of the American Revolution and its intellectual circles. Liverpool, with its maritime significance and its own unique culture. And London, the heart of an empire, with its endless wonders."

- The distinction between the “old-world charm” of the British countryside and the “rugged beauty” of American nature is a pretty accurate summary of their views.

- The Hawthornes did indeed enjoy seeing “the very desk” at which Scott wrote.

- Their surprise at British modernity is central to my thesis, and is alarmingly well-captured here: “the smoke-filled skies of Manchester, the bustling docks of Liverpool, the clatter of the trains – it's a stark contrast to the pastoral landscapes and ancient castles we had envisioned.”

- Sophia’s comments on British society are equally impressive: “the social changes have been equally profound. The rise of the middle class, the debates on workers' rights, the push for women's suffrage – it's a nation in flux, grappling with the challenges and opportunities of modernity."

There were a few anomalies:

- I don’t think “a bit of a culture shock” would have been used at the time.

- On most of their travels, their son Julian was included while the daughters Una and Rose remained at their rented home with a nanny (where the AI mentions the two older children travelling with them and doesn't seem to be aware of Rose). The children did not go to school and none of them visited Loch Ness.

- Nathaniel would not have been as vague about his writing intentions (“essays, short stories, or perhaps even a novel”). He was deliberately collecting material for a novel set in Britain, although he was never able to complete it.

- Sophia’s writing is not characterised by being about “the beauty of the mundane” or “everyday moments” any more than Nathaniel’s. It was only later in life, and with some trepidation, that she published a book of her letters from Europe; not, as she says here, that she was “eager to share our story”.

The question of whether they would return to the States from Britain or tour Europe, was, in a way, a test because we know they went to Europe before going home. But arguably, they might not have decided at the time of this imagined interview, so the answer, which seems to have it both ways, is fair enough. 

Overall, it’s incredible that AI can do as well as this when all it has to work from is mountains of text and the calculation of word sequence probabilities with no external reference to the real world. It truly appears to be a miracle and is so beyond our understanding that I don’t think we have even started to appreciate what an extraordinary phenomenon this is.